Rojacher and Sonnblick observatory Goldberg
Meteorology was in the eighties of the 19th Century. still a fairly young science. But the progressive development of research on climate and weather research into the processes in the higher layers of air to a peremptory necessity has made. was precisely at this time the Austrian meteorologist Julius Hann, who had distinguished himself in his studies of the hair dryer, the meteorology of the Alpine peaks and the decrease of temperature in the height of a name, from the International Meteorological Congress in Rome with the presentation on the Höhenobservatorien charge. | |||
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primary to the deeds of Ignaz Rojach the last gold miners of Rauris is due to the fact that at the summit of the High Sonnblick (3.106 m) the highest Summit observatory in Europe was built. Anno 1879 Hann recommended the second international conference meteorologists several requests for adoption.
particularly Hann stressed the need to establish fully-equipped observatories dominant peaks and the publication of the observations made there in a form which makes them all available to meteorologists and allows them to make for needs that which would also appear in the future.
Hann stated that it believed it was appropriate to a subsidized funds from international observatory on a to build mountain peaks. Hann also called to set up as director of the Austrian monitoring network in the Alpine countries continued observations on high points located in the Alps, on the Schmitt level, on the lower mountain, on Radhausberg and on others.
Here are some impressions of the Sonnblick
I gnaz Rojacher was the pioneer the weather station
given Obermayer wrote in his 1893 published in Vienna work "The observation station on the Sonnblick their investment, their development and their costs," "The the proposals Hann's the knüpfende agitation had a surprising and unexpected success, it led to the creation of a station on the main ridge of the Alps and the highest station in Europe at all.
By the autumn of 1884, the owner of the trades on Rauriser Goldberg, Ignaz Rojacher, the Central Committee shall pronounced the German-Austrian Alpine Association's disposition, to build at the Knapp home at an altitude of 2340 m is a meteorological station, when he would leave the instruments on this loan.
to the relevant notification of the Central Committee of the German-Austrian Alpine Association on the management of the Habsburg Central Institute for Meteorology latter had not hesitated to put up with Rojacher in direct connection and his instruments, provisionally establishing a third-order station to leave.
In December, the station was already established, but the appropriate list of the instruments at the Knapp House prepared but very difficult to and the temperature observations were found to be hardly used because of isolation influences, and the precipitation measurements failed because of the known difficulties of measuring snow at high altitudes.
The immediate impetus for the establishment of an observatory on the summit Sonnblick came neither from Hann, nor by Dr. Wilhelm Ritter von Arlt or Rojacher, but by then District Governor in Zell am See, F. Eberle. This Mr. Eberle was the one who cheered to Rojacher, despite all difficulties on one of the peaks of the Goldberg group set up a weather station.
After long and careful consideration and Having regard to some specially for this purpose taken ascents of Herzog Ernst, the Rauriser Schareck and the High Sonnblick in winter, the snowfall and freezing of these peaks were studied Rojacher became convinced that the Sonnblick Summit offers the only effective solution. Alone on the shape of the flattened cone is offered at this summit, he also was in a particularly dominant position. came
Financial problems
As a result of site investigations Rojacher it in Zell am See to a meeting at the district captain Eberle and Dr. Martin, to cell Mayor took part. Rojacher laid his plans before the end of 1885 and was Councilor Hann of Dr. Martin a letter. Therein it states: "Enclosed I send Your Excellency a letter from the you probably already know mine owner Rojacher, vlg Kolm-Naz, to what is equitable access
I have a duplicate of the same to the Central Committee.. the German-Austrian Alpine Association, which is the thing take warmly submitted, and urge Your Excellency to give me know want to know whether the meteorological Central Agency would be able to do something for the establishment of such a station and what, I think the Project should be worth the attention.
In the "Saigurn Kolm, 28 January 1885" dated Rojach detailed document, the plan was the establishment of a meteorological station on the Sonnblick described in detail and were known as the advantages that those peaks for intended purpose offered. Rojacher secured in writing his "vigorous, multi-page support in a possible favorable reception to this project" and asked to be allowed to share the same with the factory.
As some say in Austria, was also at this Time the financial situation precarious. The Imperial and Royal Central Institute for Meteorology and Geomagnetism had no means to such enterprises, which had to build a house as a condition, even to attack. Help came from the German-Austrian Alpine Association (DÖAV), the Central Committee agrees in Salzburg had to participate in the company.
The Constant inhibitors: the kuk Aerar
When the weather center was not built in the summer of 1885, is the fault of the imperial Aerar. Supposition is in erroneously held by the Sonnblick Summit, tied the Aerar a number of conditions to the construction of the house, which not only delays the start of construction, but was prevented. Then, when the matter was finally cleared, it was again too late. Of the state's mills grind slowly, too slowly. When at last the building permit was present, was on the Sunday summit will look snow, too much snow. The winter of 1885/86 had kept his entry.
Obermayer made are still worried. The DäAV had indeed the cost for the wooden house taken over, but it remained a concern for the procurement of funds for the construction of Anemometerturmes, for making the phone line from the sun overlooking the Knapp House and Kolm Saigurn to Rauris, also for the necessary recording instruments and a number of charges. The only solution: a fund-raising. Prof. Dr. Breitenlohner promoted by experts with presentations for the weather station and helped diligently to collect the necessary funds.
The Rauriser Rojacher was a man of the valley
He was not discouraged and left the wooden house for the time being in Kolm Saigurn finish and set a trial basis. Then he went to Vienna, to be drawn up look at the sun and learn about specific apparatus to learn about the duties of a first-order station.
to stubbornness ärarischer officials and scarcity of funds was joined by a third problem: the bad weather. The June 1886 was one of the coldest and wettest June months since decades. But the July and August weather was unfavorable. A big help was originally intended only for the transport of ore inclined lift.
Rojacher had from the time of the mining ärarischen derived lift machine expanded. Already in 1832 the engine house and the underlying Bruchhof had been erected, the 1,422-meter long "lift" itself was built in 1833, and since 1834 the railway was in operation. The weak-scale "drawing trees" already made it necessary in the first years of extensive work. Rojacher replaced the hemp rope with a 15 mm thick wire, and put an electric bell between Kolm (1600 m) and the mountain station (2177 m).
The machine or wheel housing as the top station was still built of stone ruins evidence and recovered the Radstube with glacier fed water Kehrrad, which had a diameter of eleven and a half meters and a 1 meter thick shaft sat up, which in turn was the 2-meter-wide drum. The little cart on the lift pass from a solid bar frame with a relatively low, applied caste, took about 800 kg "Pochgang.
Also in passenger elevator was used. The Hanover railway director said on the occasion of a trip with the not exactly confidence-inspiring vehicle that the elevator is not a life insurance company, but even the fainthearted confided in the strange vehicle, and if they are really too worried afraid to go into a little cart, then said Rojacher always in his traditional Pinzgauer dialect: "So moving 'containing i with as wer'n ma mitanander out
to a trembling with excitement Dame Rojacher was once the pastor of an Eben, who was also on the mountain, with the remark.: "Iazt Feit si nothing, now there Poscht-moasta mitfouscht to heaven, do hol'n Eahna is the NATM Tuifel Thurs. "In 1888 the tourist transport the lift was officially prohibited.
The" Chinese wall "at the High Goldberg Rauris
From the engine house built Rojacher a stone embankment for the so-called" brake car, from where a nearly horizontal siding, whose line is now also seen more clearly, to 2,340 m high altitude Knapp store.
the transport of all materials for the weather station concerned the miners Rojach in the piece rate. The Kolm Saigurn in again de-mounted wooden house was to use the existing inclined elevator Kolm Saigurn of the power house (near present-day New Shelter) mounted and stacked there. Some of the material was from the engine house on the ropeway (so-called "Chinese Wall") to the brake house and continued on the part of the railway station Rojacher Knapp House.
took over at the pit house in 2340 m altitude the support components and dragged the bar over the glacier, which then came down from the nine-Bolfach far. From there we went over the glacier floor between the lower and upper gray Peten Kees. Then came the crossing of the lateral moraine of the glacier to Goldberg, to the flow of the glacier Low Sonnblick. This had a very steep snow field exceeded, then crossed the east ridge and the glacier against the Bockpalfen be crossed.
As the miners dragged the house on the summit
went Obermayer another batch of vehicles from engine room to the tongue of the glacier Goldberg, the time to bare spots and was very steep increase at the same, reaching in this way the moraine at the glacier flow from the lower Sonnblick. To come to one or another way to Bockpalten below the board charter, two to two and a half hours walking is required.
From Sonnblick top down Rojacher had improvised a lift from an old wire rope, a small drum and a slide, a lift, which ended near the Bockpalfens. With the help of this primitive elevator on the south slope of the glacier completely covered the material was held Sonnblick tip.
Many items, however, such as the establishment of the rooms were all the way So far three and a half, worn, some carriers are also the East Ridge of Sonnblick chose to climb, but is the shortest way to the summit, but a non-dangerous climb over wildly lying, massive stone blocks. "Because of the striking cleavage, II writes Obermayer," which showed the glacier in the summer of 1887, Rojacher thought the way, from driving on the East Ridge a way that would be quite possible ... In favorable days, it has also happened that carriers twice a route from the engine house to Sonnblick top laid back.
The The construction of the meteorological station commissioned miners and workers erected a primitive building works. Eleven miners had Rojacher deduct from its mining operation to realize the construction of the Sonnblick summit. Even before 1 September 1886 had reached the house. Only the tower was still a part of the scaffolding and the interior was also missing a few things, but the building was already occupied.
The opening of the observatory High Sonnblick
In his essay cited above, in the 1 Annual Report of the Sonnblick Association for 1892 has been published, quoted Obermayer: "On September 1, evening Kolm was agreed Saigurn for the opening day of the House, a program that also contained provisions for the transport of the already numerous party guests arrived.
The driveway With the lift of Kolm began to power house on 2 September, shortly after sunrise. Each two honored guests were accompanied by two squires in the Erzwägelchen in twelve minutes over the 1,500 m long track pulled up. Thus the first 580 meters of the climb from 1550 to 3106 m had been overcome.
ten minutes took the lowering of the cart. So per hour could be carried about 12 people. There were so many guests come that had some rise through the Maschingraben walk. Crevasses were on the southern slope Sonnblick not open, so that everyone could go without a rope. Also from the Carinthian side visitors on local industry glacier.
clock was at 12 noon the house was inaugurated by the Archbishop of Salzburg, accompanied by the pastor Rauriser Pimpel. When passing the house of representatives of the Meteorological Society DäAV the dedication for purely scientific purposes has been expressed. Obermayer thanked on behalf of the Meteorological Society and put the care and welfare of the house Rojacher continue to prey. The banquet was held after 18.00 clock in Kolm Saigurn instead.
idealist heritage preserved Rojach
Throughout its history, the stock of the weather station was repeatedly threatened. A year after the death Rojach (1844 1891), the first emergency call was sent into the country. In Vienna, formed the Sonnblick club whose idealistic members Rojach preserved heritage. The club has fulfilled his duty to this day the house opposite true. A bitter crisis came when a foreign mining company useless on their departure 1897 destroyed all the plants.
Today would be a demolition industriearchäologisch valuable monuments speak. Why is the mining company could put such a vandalism, so far not been clarified, because the blast of the Maschinhauses, the entire mining assets devalued significantly. With the knowledge gained from the removal of the inclined lift the timber-framed house in Kolm and the miners' house on the High Goldberg was heated. From now on, the supply of the weather center with food and fuel was very difficult. Carriers had all the goods on their backs by Kolm Saigurn carry up.
was soon attached to the observatory the Zittelhaus. After his extension anno 1910, was one of the most beautiful houses the DäAV. The Alpine Club is to thank that Zittelhaus electric light and weather center received.
Significant Sonnblick observers
The 52-year-old miner Simon Neumayer was the first who dared and proved that a person on the top could survive the high Sonnblick one winter. After a terrible Südsturm of 7 to 11 November 1886, which also destroyed the telephone, he was considered dead were in the papers already obituaries. He was succeeded another mountain man, Peter Lechner, the 1887-1894 observer services provided. He had helped himself Rojacher under construction at the weather center and Zittelhaus. Partly from its own resources, he saved the observatory after the untimely death Rojach over a critical time.
His open, honest and unadorned rough being aroused in some quarters, especially displeased with tourists. From 1894 to 1901, the sorely tried, often unfairly the hostility Exbeobachter lived on the Langreithhof in Seidlwinkl Valley. In 1885 he was severely injured in a brawl in Wörth. He then has the "Langreithgütl" and is sold in the Lechner house in the "stone box Gütl '(Bucheben No. 49) at the mouth of the Krumlbaches in the Hüttwinklache drawn where his wife nursed him until his death Sephi.
was when Lechner cottage, conditionally approved by Lechner moved, a small cottage weather observer with the necessary instruments. Lechner's last thoughts were about the Sonnblick. Parallel to the observation station at the Lechner Häusl was the establishment of a meteorological station III. Order in Mölltal considered. Why is it not then come to the chronicle is silent.
Observers Adam Waggerl followed in 1897 Johann Moser from Holy Blood, a prominent leader Glockner. Unfortunately, he died on 6 September 1898 in the observer room on the Sunday summit view a lonely death. Now George Hasenknopf was hired, but also Alois Sepp from Rosenberg in St. Peter's in the Mölltal in Carinthia, first of all, however, in at Peter Lechner Bucheben.
After two weeks of enrollment in the summit observatory was one Sepper on the waiting list. Only in May 1898 he was appointed to the summit weather observatory. In October 1899 he took over from Hasenknopf, where he worked until 1905. Macarius Janschütz was hired in 1899 as a second observer. 1899 the Rojacherhütte was inaugurated. The celebration was marred by a crash: Georg Zembacher, Standl the host from Wörth, crashed fatally on top of the little ones Sonnblickkees.
Alois Sepper and Christian, the "Rosenbergs', and distinguished themselves" with special ability in supporting scientific work "out. So at least put it Josef Bend! In his book "The Sonnblick calls. The minutes of the General Assembly of the Sonnblick association of 23 March 1901 confirmed this statement: "The observations on the Sonnblick were led by Alois Sepp and his brother Christian, to the complete satisfaction of the Central Institute for Meteorology, thus providing the Sonnblick observations again a higher degree of reliability obtained.
Sepp and Lechner
The termination of the esteemed meteorologists in circles Alois Sepper favor of the Alpine Club Josef Külbel favorite was the professionals of Sonnblick Association and Central Institute hard. Councilor Dr. JM Perntner wrote Alois Sepper at the termination of an approving letter in which he stressed the "extraordinary satisfaction" with his service, accuracy and reliability of the observations "and" zeal and skill in relation to the service Officials' praise and his desire to give expression, that he soon gets the opportunity, thinks his services as an observer "of other ward used" again.
parison was Dr. Valentin enrolled for six weeks and introduced into service shortly thereafter announced the newcomer. Christian Sepper bridged the time allowed to meet to start work by Alexander Lechner from Mayrhofen, the reasons found by the departure of Christian Sepperers in a difficult situation. Only when this his uncle Johann Lechner, the situation was favorable.
In December 1906 there was a tragedy on Sunday look
On December 4, Alexander Lechner, coming from the sun look at the post office in Rauris arrived to send a box of meteorological observations. On the same day he returned to Kolm and should on 5 December to arrive in the weather center. Elizabeth Noel was the cook, despite dire warnings Johann Lechner not stop to walk towards her boss. Violent snowstorm prevented Alexander from moving up. But the cook did not come back anymore. They froze to death near the Rojacherhütte and was buried in an ebony.
Many gave their lives for the Sonnblick
Rauriser He was a simple carpenter, worked as a squire under Rojacher and made in the years 1908-1916, 1918/19 and 1922/23, and service as a weather station: Matthias Mayacher. He saved the observatory on the hard years of World War II over, had to give up but in September 1919, because the community Rauris was too poor to be able to cater for him. The Heiligenblut Matthias Brandstätter and his brother followed him in service. Mayacher died 1925th From 1923 to 1933 Leonard and Marianne Winkler sided heavy freight.
worth mentioning is the surrender of the Sonnblick meteorological observatory of the Austrian company to the Sonnblick Association, established by the German Kaiser Wilhelm Society of Sciences in Berlin in 1926 to a significant financial support for the continued operation of the altitude observatory received. On 21 March 1928 cost an avalanche accident thirteen young skiers life. End of the twenties was discussed, prepared by Chief Engineer Tritschel Sonnblick cable car project, but unfortunately not realized.
In November 1933, Leonard Winkler seriously injured and died. Supported by her brother Hans Mühlthaler, his widow continued the service for several months. Then dissolved Louise Mühlthaler from her sister. Hans Mühlthaler announced 1939th During World War sided Ferdinand Mayr and Friedl Fleissner vlg. Went along with Mr. and Mrs. George and Maria Rupitsch service on the weather center. Already in September 1942 the Air Force had taken over the care of the observatory.
Friedl Fleissner, mountain guides from Heiligenblut, was ordered back from the front and reassigned to the Sonnblick. When the couple Rupitsch accident, he took risks with their lives a futile rescue attempt. Georg and Maria Rupitsch suffered on 9 November 1944 white death, they were buried in Holy Blood. How did that depicts young Friedl Doyle, the son of then same observer.. "It was All Saints in 1944 Maria Rupitsch drove off with the skis to Kolm Saigurn to errands to make
The weather was the next day to some extent. they rose at noon on Sundays in the direction of view. Previously, she agreed her husband George by radio that it's going. George told her to go quickly, he wanted to meet her, it was before a storm roll-over. Clock at 16.00, he went to meet her, the weather had by this time much worse, it began to snow and to a strong storm came up. Since the couple did not arrive until 19.00 clock to Friedl Fleissner started searching, but only got to about 200 m below the weather center.
He still hung a strong light on the tower, to be sure to come back again. He had to cancel the search, he saw no light, there was a drop in temperature of 20 degrees with orkanartigem storm and had difficulty even, way back again to the weather station. Sun took the fate of its course. Friedl Fleissner hoped that the couple had come across in the Rupitsch Rojacherhütte or direction Kolm-Saigurn was vice versa.
The next day there was no sign of life, agreed Fleissner Heiligenblut the mountain rescue service. The guides Valentin Unterkircher, Josef Lackner, Ernst Keller and Joseph Kellner went on 2 Day on both the search and found Brett and between Tramerkopf charter to Salzburg page froze about 50 m away from each other, they were.
Because Maria always had with her dog, you could find that had taken two. The dog was tied to the backpack by George found. The two dead were to Heiligenblut brought in so-called "hard Häusl ', which belonged to them, laid and buried in the local cemetery.
cries Sonnblick!
The most difficult time for the observatory came with the war, because the sun was out of sight Association monies and was deprived of any sources of money. This must be Dr H. Mesal, former senior civil servant in the former kingdom of meteorological services, are called the representatives of the American occupation forces for the continuation of the waiting motivated.
With a cable car construction was started in autumn 1946, but has only the following year put into service. In severe winter of 1946-47 had made the observers the air are supplied. The Americans dropped coal and potatoes, with some bags burst and the cinders were scattered over the glacier.
completed in 1947 by Kolman Notseilbahn the summit collapsed in August 1949. The end seemed to be close to the observatory. But the support costs reached 1950 60.000 Schilling. The view from the Sunday Club sent out emergency faded almost unheard. Only in the last hour of school children jumped to the rescue and only by the continued existence of the observatory was finally secured.
On the initiative of the teachers Edmund Bendl a successful fundraising campaign in the Viennese school children has been launched to ultimately, increased private donations with government aid meant that could be built as a result the important aerial ropeway.
On 22 October 1949, married Sonnblick Wetterwart Hermann Rubisoier the Preimistochter Genevieve Granögger from Holy Blood, the second weather station that was. In the summer of 1954, the couple Rubisoier at his own request in the weather department Salzburg was added. As a new observer Josef and Johann Bernhard came from Döllach Edthofer from Mattighofen.
the International Geophysical Year 1957/58, a StrahIungsmessturm
built in 1961 celebrated the 75th anniversary of the meteorological station in the market with a historical Rauris Removals. There also was a meteorological conference, then the company went hard after a night in Kolm Saigurn walk up to the Sonnblick summit. For 90-year anniversary anno 1976, repeated the parade spectacle that has been documented in the film "Tauern gold."
began in 1981 after extensive planning work on the construction of the observatory. Without massive helicopter operation, the construction would not have been realized. For the centenary, after several years of construction the new, the latest equipment on the observatory opened Sonnblick. To mark this milestone anniversary, an exhibition was arranged to see in Vienna, Salzburg and Rauris.
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